What is dog cancer?
Cancer is one of the most common illnesses affecting dogs, especially as they age. It occurs when cells in the body grow uncontrollably, forming tumours or spreading to other parts of the body. While the word "cancer" may sound frightening, advancements in veterinary medicine now offer numerous ways to manage and treat the disease, improving the quality of life for affected dogs.
Dog cancer can take many forms, including bone cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma. Early detection and understanding the treatment options available can make a significant difference in your dog’s journey.
How common is cancer in dogs?
Cancer is more common in dogs than many pet owners realise, especially among older dogs and certain breeds. Research shows that approximately 1 in 4 dogs will develop cancer at some point in their lives. However, with early intervention and the right care, many dogs can continue to lead fulfilling lives.
Recognising the signs of dog cancer
Spotting cancer in its early stages is key to effective treatment. Here are some common signs to watch for:
Unusual lumps or swelling
Not all lumps are cancerous, but if you notice any unusual growths that persist or grow rapidly, it’s essential to have them checked by a veterinarian.
Changes in appetite or weight loss
A sudden lack of interest in food or unexplained weight loss can indicate an underlying health issue, including cancer.
Difficulty breathing or persistent coughing
Lung-related cancers or tumours in the chest can cause breathing issues. If your dog has a persistent cough or laboured breathing, seek veterinary attention immediately.
Fatigue or lethargy
If your dog seems unusually tired, less playful, or reluctant to engage in activities they usually enjoy, it may be a sign of illness.
Changes in behaviour or discomfort
Dogs may express discomfort or pain in subtle ways, such as becoming withdrawn, restless, or unusually aggressive.
Common types of dog cancer
While cancer can affect various parts of a dog’s body, certain types are more prevalent. Understanding these can help pet parents stay informed:
Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, affecting the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs. It’s one of the most common cancers in dogs and can cause symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
Osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
Osteosarcoma typically affects large dog breeds and is an aggressive form of bone cancer. Symptoms include limping, swelling in the limbs, and pain.
Hemangiosarcoma
This cancer originates in the blood vessels and commonly affects the spleen or heart. It can develop silently, with symptoms like sudden weakness or collapse appearing in advanced stages.
Mast cell tumours
These tumours develop in the body’s immune system cells and can occur anywhere, often appearing as lumps under the skin. Early diagnosis is crucial to managing their spread.
Diagnosing cancer in dogs
If your vet suspects cancer, they may recommend several diagnostic tests to confirm the condition and determine its severity. These include:
- Physical examination. A thorough check for lumps, swelling, or other physical abnormalities.
- Imaging tests. X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans help identify tumours and assess whether they have spread to other parts of the body.
- Biopsy. A sample of tissue is taken from the suspected area and analysed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
- Blood tests. These can provide insights into your dog’s overall health and identify abnormalities associated with certain cancers.
Treatment options for dog cancer
The treatment plan for your dog will depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as their overall health. Here are some common options:
Surgery
Surgical removal of tumours is often the first step in treating cancer. In many cases, surgery can eliminate the cancer entirely, especially if it hasn’t spread.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses medication to target and destroy cancer cells. While it may sound intimidating, chemotherapy for dogs often has fewer side effects compared to humans. Most dogs tolerate it well and experience minimal discomfort.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is used to shrink tumours or eliminate cancer cells that cannot be surgically removed. It is a targeted treatment designed to minimise damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
Immunotherapy
This newer approach focuses on boosting the dog’s immune system to fight cancer more effectively. Immunotherapy can be combined with other treatments for better results.
Palliative care
For cancers that cannot be cured, palliative care focuses on improving the dog’s quality of life. This may include pain management, dietary changes, and supportive therapies.
Coping with a dog’s cancer diagnosis
Receiving a cancer diagnosis for your beloved pet can be overwhelming. However, there are ways to navigate this challenging time with care and compassion:
- Stay informed. Understanding your dog’s condition and treatment options can help you make the best decisions for their care.
- Work closely with your vet. Regular communication with your veterinarian ensures that you stay updated on your dog’s progress and can adjust treatments as needed.
- Prioritise comfort. Focus on providing a calm, loving environment for your dog. Small changes, like a comfortable bed or easy access to their favourite spots, can make a big difference.
- Seek emotional support. Don’t hesitate to reach out to other pet parents or support groups who have faced similar situations. Sharing experiences can provide comfort and guidance.
Preventing cancer in dogs
While not all cancers are preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk and support their overall health:
- Maintain a healthy diet. Providing your dog with a balanced, nutritious diet can strengthen their immune system and promote overall wellbeing.
- Regular exercise. Keeping your dog active helps maintain a healthy weight and supports their overall health.
- Routine check-ups. Regular veterinary visits are essential for early detection of any health issues, including cancer.
- Limit exposure to toxins. Avoid exposing your dog to harmful chemicals, such as pesticides or cigarette smoke, which may increase cancer risk.
Supporting dogs with cancer in Hong Kong
As a dog parent in Hong Kong, you have access to various veterinary specialists and treatment options. Some animal hospitals and clinics offer advanced diagnostic tools and treatments tailored to your dog’s needs. Additionally, many pet owners in the city rely on holistic therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal medicine, to complement traditional cancer treatments.
Dog cancer is a serious yet manageable condition with the right approach. By understanding the signs, exploring treatment options, and maintaining a close partnership with your veterinarian, you can give your dog the best chance of living a happy, comfortable life.
Early detection and proactive care are key, so always keep an eye on your dog’s health and seek professional advice if you notice any changes. With love, attention, and the right support, your dog can continue to be the cherished companion you know and adore.
If your pets are in an emergency or if you have general inquiries, please do not hesitate to contact Veterinary Emergency Centre.
General Hotline: 2334-2334
24-Hour Emergency Hotline: 6828-6620
.png)
